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Grammar

Definition

Proper use or system and structure of a language. Study of words and how they can be used in sentences. 

Grammar is a challenging subject for many. Grammar areas include capitalization, sentences, punctuation, parts of speech, agreement and tenses, and reference materials. 

The research behind grammar goes by grade levels. Primary usually revises as a class or in partners, edit with partners, and only has few aspects, explicit but embedded, and models and imitation. Intermediate is mostly the same with rev

Research says that teaching grammar exercises does NOT work )Hillocks & Smith, 1991). Students need proper grammar for everyday life and eventually the workplace. What does not work? Isolation, diagramming sentences, and parts of speech. These do not seem to work because there is no transfer to writing as students don't see the relevance.

Use grammar as a tool to help writing by using sentence imitation, poetry, skeleton stories, shape sentences, or even sentence scrambling. We went over what does not work, so what does work then? Include reading and writing in instruction, use self-assessments, combine sentences in a meaningful way where they will make sense, use mini-lessons, mentor texts, games, and the writing process.

Paper Clip Sentences

Students will play around with paper clips and paper. Students will search through different sentences and find ones that can go together by connecting a conjunction. They will connect as many different sentences as they can and record them.

Vocabulary 

Editing- changing specific conventions of the writing. Examples include punctuation, capitalization, spelling, sentence structure, word usage, etc.

Revising- changing how something is organized or its structure.

Grammar at grade level according to MN ELA

Kindergarten

  • Upper and lowercase printing 

  • Nouns/Verbs 

  • Plural nouns 

  • Question words 

  • Prepositions

  • Complete sentences 

  • Capitalize first word of sentence and I 

  • Name end punctuation.

First Grade

  • Upper and lowercase printing 

  • Common, proper and possessive nouns

  • Plural nouns with matching verbs

  • Pronounds 

  • Verb tenses 

  • Adjectives 

  • Conjunctions 

  • Determiners use 

  • Preopsitions 

  • Produce and explant different types of sentences 

  • Capitilize dates and names of people 

  • Use end punctuation 

  • Commas in dates and words in a series

Second Grade 

  • Collective nouns 

  • Irregular plural nouns 

  • Reflexive nouns 

  • Irregular past tense verbs 

  • Adjectives and adverb use 

  • Complete and compound sentences 

  • Capitalize holidays, product names and geographic names 

  • Commas in greetings and closings

  • Apostrophe for contractions and possessives 

  • Consult dictionaries

Third Grade 

  • Functions of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

  • Use regular and irregular nouns. Abstract nouns

  • Simple ver tenses 

  • Subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement 

  • Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs

  • Conjunctions 

  • Simple, complex and compound senetences

  • Capitlize in titles 

  • Commas in addresses and dialouges

  • Quotation marks

  • Possessives 

  • Reference materials

  • Word use and degrees of certainty

Extra: Here is a parts of speech rhyme to use in your classroom when teaching grammar.

Fourth Grade 

  • Relative pronouns and adverbs 

  • Progressive verb tenses 

  • Modal auxiliaries 

  • Ordering adjectives within sentences 

  • prepositional phrases 

  • Complete sentences 

  • Use homophones correctly 

  • Capitalization 

  • Commas and quotes in dialogue

  • Conjunction in compound 

  • Reference materials like glossaries 

  • Formal English use

Firth Grade 

  • Functions of conjunctions, preps, and interjections

  • Form and use perfect verb tenses 

  • Use verb tenses 

  • Correlative conjunctions 

  • Commas in a series, introductory words or phrases, direct address

  • Underlining, quotation marks or italics for titles 

  • Expand/ combine/ reduce sentences 

  • Reference material 

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Grammar strategies

Title: Pin the Punctuation on the Sentence 

 

Age and reading level: 2-5+

 

Brief Description: A twist on Pin the Tail on the Donkey. To do this game, students will not be blindfolded. Students will place the punctuation where it is needed on the sentence on the board. Students will pick punctuation from a bag, box, etc. They will then have to place that punctuation somewhere in the sentence. By picking from a bag, helps students not just rely on the punctuation that they are good at. 

 

Materials needed:

Box or bag to put the paper in, whiteboard or paper

Steps for instruction:

  • Write a sentence on the board that is missing punctuation

  • Have students pick punctuation from a bag (not looking at which ones are in the bag) 

  • Students will then place the punctuation that they received into the sentence where it belongs.

 

Title:

 Posters

Age and reading level:

2-5+

Brief Description:

Have students make posters for different grammar categories. Each week review a category and have students create posters in any way they want to describe the category. Student can refer to them around the room (especially their own).

Materials needed:

Poster or large construction paper, writing utensils, colors, stickers, glitter, glue, tape, area of the wall

Steps for instruction:

  • Go over the categories of grammar 

  • Have students pick a category they would like to do for their poster

  • Students can create their very own posters to help them and their peers in the classroom with the category of grammar. 

 

Title: Partner Revising 

 

Age and reading level:  3-5+

 

Brief Description: Students will be with a partner and read their sentence or story aloud. The other partner and them will discuss if something sounds choppy or not right. Students will discuss if a comma is in the wrong spot or if their capitalization is not right in their writing. They can discuss each other's writing or pre-made sentences to help discuss grammar.

 

Materials needed:

Pre-made sentences, wiring utensils, partner, paper, story

Steps for instruction:

  • Students pair up, you could use elbow partners or pair them up by skill

  • Students switch their writings and read them aloud orally 

  • Student discuss what sounded not right and what might not look right

  • Work together to improve their grammar

  • They can add or change grammar mistakes for each others writing with a different color pen color

 

Title: Abbreviations: F.A.N.B.O.Y.S

 

Age and reading level: 2-5+

 

Brief Description:

Use this abbreviation to help students remember the conjunction. While teaching conjunctions make a poster that includes F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. Have them practice the new term by finding the fanboys in sentences.

 

Materials needed:

Sentences, writing utensils

Steps for instruction:

  • Students will learn about the saying fanboys

  • For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yes, and So 

  • Students will find the conjunctions by saying this term in their head to remember 

  • Teach students about specific rules of conjunctions alongside the fanboys

Goal: 11.14

 

Title: Know the Word,  Use the Word

 

Age and reading level: M-Z+, 3rd-5th+

 

Brief Description: Learning a new word can be more than just figuring it out and moving on to the net word you don’t know. If you are truly learning it, you need to understand it and be able to use it in writing and speaking.

Skills used are being able to use the word in the correct context, word choice.

 

Materials needed: Writing utensils

 

Steps for instruction:

Find a word from a reading that you would like to learn.

Try to figure it out by using context or look it up in a dictionary or online resource.

Write down the word in your vocabulary journal.

Remember to practice creating your own sentences with the new word it in.

Later in the day use the new word in some of your sentences.

Grammaropolis

Grammaroplis is a fun website to teach kids grammar in a game like way. It gives students definitions and a map and rewards so students are motivated. The website will test what you know, question you, play a video or read to you.

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My Grammar Lab

This app is for more mature students, the student who wants to work on grammar questions and figure out what they did wrong. It will notify the student if they got the answer wrong and will tell them where to look for help. 

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Grammar Wonderland (Elementary) Lite

This app engages students who like to learn in a game like a mode. There are different worlds for the students to explore as they capture the correct noun, verb, or adjective. This action packed app is good for older elementary students to help practice and repetition of grammar. 

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MobiLibs is an interactive digital platform. Students list certain words on the placement of a certain sentence. They pick words based on a noun, verb, adjective, conjunction, etc. The words are then placed into the story and they can then save it to share.

Resources

Bendix, J. Grammar Podcast Guided Notes [PDF document]. Retrieved from BrightSpace online course website: https://winona.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/le/content/4944895/viewContent/42944880/View

 

Bendix, J, (year). Grammar [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from

https://winona.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/le/content/4944895/viewContent/43133054/View

 

 

Bendix, J. Grammar list per grade italics [PDF document]. Retrieved from BrightSpace online course website: https://winona.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/le/content/4944895/viewContent/42944871/View

Bendix, J. Parts of Speech Rhyme [PDF document]. Retrieved from BrightSpace online course website: https://winona.learn.minnstate.edu/d2l/le/content/4944895/viewContent/42944938/View

 

Literacy Apps. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.readingrockets.org/literacyapps/

Serravallo, J. (2015). The reading strategies book: your everything guide to developing skilled readers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

 

Teaching Grammar and Keeping Students Engaged Using 6 Fun Activities. (2020, March 16). Retrieved from https://apasseducation.com/education-blog/6-fun-ways-teach-grammar/

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